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████    重点词汇
████    难点词汇
████    生僻词
████    词组 & 惯用语

[学习本文需要基础词汇量：5,000 ]
[本次分析采用基础词汇量：5,000 ]

but the sea mounts in the eastern Pacific,

like Cocos, Malpelo and the Galapagos,

attract silkies in huge groups
up to five hundred strong

Silkies seem to specialize
in taking injured fish

and constantly circle sea mounts on
the look out for the chance to do so

But Silkies are not the only visitors

Hammerheads gather
in some of the largest shark

shoals to be found anywhere in the ocean

Sometimes thousands will circle
over a single sea mount

But these sharks are not here for food

They have come for another reason

Some of the locals
provide a cleaning service

Following the last El Nino year,

when a rise in water temperatures

caused many sharks to suffer
from fungal infections,

the number of hammerheads visiting the sea
mounts reached record levels

Nutrients also well up to the surface
along the coasts of the continents

This is Natal
on South Africa's eastern seaboard

lt's June and just off-shore,
strange black patches have appeared

They look like immense oil
slicks up to a mile long

But this is a living slick

Millions and millions
of sardines on a marine

migration that in terms of sheer biomass

rivals that of the wildebeest
on the grasslands of Africa

These fish live for most of the time

in the cold waters south of the Cape,

but each year the coastal currents reverse

The warm Agulhas current that

usually flows down from the north

has been displaced by cold water
coming up from the south

and that has brought up rich nutrients

They, in turn,
have created a bloom of plankton

- and the sardines are now feasting on it

As the sardines travel north,

a whole caravan of predators follow them

Thousands of Cape Gannets
track the sardines

They nested off the Cape

and timed their breeding so that
their newly-fledged chicks

can join them in pursuing the shoals

Below water, hundreds of sharks
have also joined the caravan

These are Bronze whaler sharks,

a cold water species that normally
lives much further south

These three-metre sharks
cut such great swathes

through the sardine shoals that their
tracks are clearly visible from the air

Harried by packs of predators and
swept in by the action of the waves,

the sardine shoals are penned
close to the shore

Common dolphin are coming in
from the open ocean to join the feast

There are over a thousand of them
in this one school

When they catch up with the sardines,
the action really begins

Working together,
they drive the shoal towards the surface

lt is easier for the dolphins
to snatch fish up here

Now the sardines have no escape

Thanks to the dolphins, the sardines have
come within the diving range of the gannets


知识点

重点词汇
snatch [snætʃ] n. 抢夺；抓举；小量 vt. 夺得；抽空做；及时救助 vi. 抢走；很快接受 {gk cet6 ky ielts gre :5049}

diving [ˈdaɪvɪŋ] n. 跳水，潜水 adj. 跳水的，潜水的 v. 跳水（dive的现在分词）；潜水 { :5121}

el [el] abbr. 预期损失（Expected Loss） n. (El)人名；(匈)埃尔； { :5125}

feasting [ ] v. 享乐，请客（feast的现在分词）；参加宴会 { :5626}

feast [fi:st] n. 筵席，宴会；节日 vt. 享受；款待，宴请 vi. 享受；参加宴会 {gk cet4 cet6 ky ielts :5626}

bloom [blu:m] n. 花；青春；旺盛 vt. 使开花；使茂盛 vi. 开花；茂盛 n. (Bloom)人名；(瑞典、西)布洛姆；(英)布卢姆 {cet4 cet6 ky toefl ielts :6582}

cape [keɪp] n. [地理] 海角，岬；披肩 n. (Cape)人名；(塞)察佩；(英)凯普 {cet6 ky ielts gre :6613}

displaced [dɪs'pleɪst] n. 无家可归者 v. 取代（displace的过去分词）；移动…的位置；撤换 adj. 无家可归的；位移的；被取代的 { :6789}

chicks [t'ʃɪks] n. 小鸡（chick的复数形式）；雏鸡 {ielts :7269}

slick [slɪk] n. [机] 平滑器；[机] 修光工具；通俗杂志 adj. 光滑的；华而不实的；聪明的；熟练的；老套的 adv. 灵活地；聪明地 vt. 使光滑；使漂亮 vi. 打扮整洁 n. (Slick)人名；(英)斯利克 {gre :7846}

slicks [sliks] n. 顺利而有效的( slick的名词复数 ); 不费力的; 圆滑的; 光滑的 v. 顺利而有效的( slick的第三人称单数 ); 不费力的; 圆滑的; 光滑的 { :7846}

Lt [ ] abbr. 书信电报（letter message）；数据处理（Language Translation） { :9242}

biomass [ˈbaɪəʊmæs] n. （单位面积或体积内的）[生态] 生物量 { :10431}

grasslands [ɡ'rɑ:slændz] n. [畜牧] 草原；大草原（grassland的复数形式） { :10622}

fungal [ˈfʌŋgl] adj. 真菌的（等于fungous） { :12482}

shoals [ʃəʊlz] n. [地理] 浅滩（shoal的复数形式）；[水文] 沙洲 v. 变浅；使驶进浅水区（shoal的第三人称单数） n. (Shoals)人名；(英)肖尔斯 { :12753}

shoal [ʃəʊl] n. 浅滩，沙洲；鱼群；潜在危险 vi. 变浅 vt. 使变浅；驶入 adj. 浅的 {ielts gre :12753}

swathes [swɔðz] vt. 包围；紧绑；裹 n. 带子，绷带；包装品 { :14208}

sardine [ˌsɑ:ˈdi:n] n. 沙丁鱼；庸碌无能的人 vt. 使拥挤不堪 {cet6 :15458}

sardines [sɑ:ˈdi:nz] n. 沙丁鱼（sardine的复数形式）；沙丁油鱼 { :15458}


难点词汇
plankton [ˈplæŋktən] n. 浮游生物（总称） {ielts gre :19300}

seaboard [ˈsi:bɔ:d] n. 海滨；沿海地方；海岸线 adj. 海滨的 { :20752}

whaler [ˈweɪlə(r)] n. 捕鲸船；捕鲸者 { :22682}

wildebeest [ˈwɪldəbi:st] n. 羚羊的一种；牛羚（又名角马）（产于非洲） { :24383}

natal ['neitl] adj. 出生的；诞生的；分娩的；出生地的 n. (Natal)人名；(英、法、西、葡)纳塔尔 {ielts gre :24792}

hammerheads [ ] na. 锤头；【动】撞木鲛 [网络] 榔头战；双髻鲨；鎚头鲨 { :27257}

gannets [ˈɡænits] n. 塘鹅( gannet的名词复数 ) { :28133}

galapagos [galapægəus] n. 加拉帕戈斯群岛 { :28626}

nino [ ] n. 尼诺（男子名） { :42720}


复习词汇
sharks [ʃɑ:ks] n. 鲨鱼( shark的名词复数 ); 坑蒙拐骗的人，诈骗者 { :4438}


生僻词
agulhas [ ] 厄加勒斯（地名）

cocos [ ] [医]椰子; [地名] [巴西] 科库斯

malpelo [ ] [网络] 马尔佩洛岛；马尔佩罗；培洛

silkies [ ] [网络] 丝羽乌骨鸡；丝毛豚鼠；丝毛乌骨鸡


词组
bronze whaler [ ] [网络] 小短尾真鲨；黑印真鲨；短尾白眼鲛

coastal current [ ] 沿岸流;近岸流

common dolphin [ˈkɔmən ˈdɔlfin] 海豚

displace by [ ] 因…而搬迁，因…而移位；被顶替，被取代

Eastern Seaboard [ ] [网络] 东海岸；东部海滨；东部海岸

El Nino [ ] （西）[气象] 厄尔尼诺现象（赤道中、东太平洋海水表面温度偶尔增暖的现象）

feast on [ ] [网络] 大吃大喝；享受美食；尽情欣赏

fungal infection [ˈfʌŋɡəl inˈfekʃən] un. 真菌感染 [网络] 霉菌感染；用霉菌感染；不会受真菌感染

fungal infections [ ] [网络] 真菌感染；霉菌感染；霉菌性感染

oil slick [ɔil slik] na. (水面上的一层)浮油 [网络] 油膜；水面浮油；油头

slick up [ ] [网络] 打扮漂亮

specialize in [ ] v. 专攻；专门研究 [网络] 专营；专门经营；专门从事

the cape [ ] [网络] 暗侠；披风侠；好望角

the dolphin [ ] [网络] 海豚；海豚号

the feast [ ] [网络] 盛宴；应邀赴宴的宾客；宴席

to snatch [ ] [网络] 抢夺；掠夺；夺走

to specialize in [ ] [网络] 专营；主要生产；专修



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